Arthroscopy is a minimally invasive surgical procedure used to examine, diagnose, and treat joint problems. During arthroscopy, a thin, flexible instrument called an arthroscope, equipped with a camera and light source, is inserted into a joint through a small incision. The camera transmits images of the joint's interior to a monitor, allowing the surgeon to visualize and assess the condition of the cartilage, ligaments, tendons, and other structures within the joint. Additional small incisions may be made to insert surgical tools for repair or removal of damaged tissue. Arthroscopy is commonly performed on joints such as the knee, shoulder, hip, and ankle to address issues like torn cartilage, damaged ligaments, and joint inflammation.
The primary reasons for performing arthroscopy include evaluating and treating joint injuries, chronic pain, or arthritis when conservative treatments have not been effective. The procedure is often chosen due to its benefits over traditional open surgery, such as reduced recovery time, minimal scarring, and lower risk of infection. However, despite its advantages, arthroscopy carries potential complications. These can include infection at the incision sites, bleeding within the joint, or damage to surrounding structures. There is also a risk of developing blood clots or stiffness in the joint following the procedure. In rare cases, the procedure may not fully resolve the underlying issue, necessitating further intervention. Proper technique, sterile procedures, and post-operative care are essential to minimize these risks and ensure a successful outcome.
